| Notes |
- Professional Experience July 2009President and CEO of the International Crisis GroupJuly 2004 to July 2008United Nations High Commissioner for Human RightsSeptember 1999 to July 2004Justice of the Supreme Court of CanadaOctober 1996 to September 1999Chief Prosecutor for The International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda1995-1996Appointed by Order-in-Council as single Commissioner to conduct an inquiry into certain events at the Prisons for Women in Kingston1990-1999Member of the Court of Appeal for Ontario1987-1990Member of the Supreme Court of Ontario (High Court of Justice)1987Associate Professor and Associate Dean, Osgoode Hall Law School, York University1977-19871977-1987 Associate Professor, Osgoode Hall Law School, York University1975Assistant Professor, Osgoode Hall Law School, York University1974Lecturer in Criminal Procedure, Osgoode Hall Law School, York University1972Research Officer, Law Reform Commission, Member of the Criminal ProcedureProject1971-1972Law Clerk for Mr. Justice Louis-Philippe Pigeon, Supreme Court of Canada1970Articling, Legal Department, City of Montreal
Education and Degrees
1967B.A. Collège Regina Assumpta, Montréal1970LL.L. (with distinction) Faculty of Law, Université de Montréal1970-1971Quebec Bar Admission Course1971Called to the Quebec Bar1977Called to the Ontario Bar
Honorary Doctorates
2011Wilfrid Laurier University, Ontario2010University of London, London2010Ryerson University, Ontario2009Simon Fraser University, Vancouver2009University of Guelph, Ontario2009University of Alberta,Edmonton2008Abo Akademi University , Finland2007Université Laval, Quebec, Canada2007Université de Lille, Lille, France2006National University of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland2006University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada2005University of International Relations, Moscow, Russia2003Université Picardie - Jue10 f, elle ssaole?ees18 Rivitab» «tab»les Verne, Amiens, France2003St.Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia2002University of Lakehead2001Mount Saint Vincent University2001University of King's College2001Université de Moncton2001Memorial University in St. John's NewfoundlaJue 10 f, elle ssaole?ees18 Rivitab» «tab»nd2001Windsor University2001Concordia University in Montréal2001University of British Columbia inVancouver2000Université Libre de Bruxelles2000University of Victoria2000Kingston Royal Military College2000Chicago-KentCollege of Law2000Université dee 10 f, elle ssaole?ees18 Rivitab» «tab»Montréal2000McMaster'sUniversity2000University of Western Ontario2000University of Toronto2000Glasgow University2000Queen's University2000Carleton University1999Law Society of Upper Canada1999University of New Brunswick1999Laurentian University199dee 10 f, elle ssaole?ees18 Rivitab» «tab»9Université du Québec à Montréal1997University of Ottawa1995York University Medals andAwards
2011Chirac Foundation Special Jury Prize2011North-South Prize winner for 20102010Central European University Open Prize 2010, Central EuropeanUniversity, Hungary2010Légion d'honneur (Commandeur)2010Colombian Order of National Merit (Grand Cross)20e10 f, elle ssaole?ees18 Rivitab» «tab»09Ordre national du Québec (Grande Officière)2009Arthur Kroeger Award for Public Affairs2009Calgary Peace Prize2009Great Cross of the 'Orden del Mérito Civil' granted by His Majesty the King of Spain2008The Jackson H. Ralston Prize in Internationale 10 f, elle ssaole?ees18 Rivitab» «tab»Law, Stanford University2008Honorary Fellowship from the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada2008Henry E. and Nancy Bartels World Affairs Fellow, Cornell University2008United Nations Human Rights Prize2007Award Women Groundbreakers inthe First International Courts, Open Society Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands2007Stanley Knowles Humanitarian Award, Ontario Public Services Employees Union, Ontario, Canada2007Order of Canada (Companion)2006Award for Lifetime Achievement, Canadian Race Relations Foundation, Toronto, Ontario2006Award for Canadian Global Citizen Extraordinaire, International Development ReliefFoundation, Toronto, Ontario2006Distinguished Canadian Leadership Award, University of Ottawa2005Woman of Distinction Award, NGO Committee onthe Status of Women - New York2005Second Thomas J-Dodd Prize in International Justice and Human Rights, University of Connecticut2003Médaillede la Faculté de droit de l'Université de Montréal2003Inducted into Internat 10 f, elle ssaole?ees18 Rivitab» «tab»ional Hall of Fame - International Women's Forum2003Honorary Fellowship - American College of TrialLawyers2003Médaille 125e anniversaire - Faculté de droit, Associationdes diplômés en droit - Universitéde Montréal2002Stefan A. Riesenfeld Symposium0 f, elle ssaole?ees18 Rivitab» «tab»Award, Berkeley Journal of International Law2002Mc Gill Centre for Research and Teaching on WomenPerson of the Year 2002 Award2002Prix de la Fondation Justice dans leMonde de l'Union internationale des Magistrats, 2002 Year Award2001Wolfgang Freidman Memorial Award, Columbia Law School2001EID-UL-ADHA Award, The Association of Progressive Muslims of Ontario2001Médaille du Barreau du Québec2001National Achievement Award 2001, Jewish Women International of Canada2000Pennsylvania Bar Foundatiosium0 f, elle ssaole?ees18Rivitab» «tab»n's Second Annual Service to Humanity Award, Harrisburg,Pennsylvania2000Franklin & Eleanor Roosevelt Four Freedoms Medal (Freedom from Fear), Roosevelt Study Center,Middleburg, The Netherlands2000Women of Distinction Award, Toronto Hadassah-Wizo2000Peace Award, World Federalists of Canada2000Lord Reading Law Society's Human Rights Award1999Medal of Honour, International Association of Prosecutors1999Médaille du Mérite, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal1999Prix de laFondation Louium0 f, elle ssaole?ees18 Rivitab» «tab»ise Weiss, Paris1998G.Arthur Martin Award, Criminal Lawyers' Association, Toronto 1999 Medal of Honour of the International Association of Prosecutors, First Recipient1996Achievement Award of the Women's Law Association, Toronto1996Médaille de l'Uouium0 f, elle ssaole?ees18 Rivitab» «tab»niversité de Montréal Related Professional Experience 2012Member, Advisory Board,Franklin D. Roosevelt International Disability Rights Award2011Member,Global Commission on Drug Policy2010Member, Global Commission on Elections, Democracy, and Secuium0 f, elle ssaole?ees18 Rivitab» «tab»urity2010Member, International Commission Against the Death Penalty2010Advisory Board of The Coalition for the International Criminal Court2009Advisor, Mediation Group, Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, Geneva2009Member, Advisory Board, World BankDevelopment Report 2011 : ?Conflict, Security and Development'2009Advisor to The Belinda Stronach Foundation2009Honourary Member of the Nansen Refugee Awards Selecting Committeeof the Officeof the High Commissioner for Refugees2009Technical Advisoum0 f, elle ssaole?ees18 Rivitab» «tab»ry Board of the Weidemann Foundation2009Member of the Global Council, Women's Forum2008Member, Board of Trustees, International Crisis Group2008Honorary Council Member, Canadian Centre for International Justice2008Patron, Martin Ennals Award forHuman Rights Defenders2007Member, Consultative Council of ONUART Foundation2003Member, Board of Editors, Journal ofInternational Criminal Justice2001Honorary Bencher of Grays Inn, London, England2001Member of the International Council, Institute forGlobal Legal Studies of Washington University School of Law St-Louis, Missouri2001Member Advisory Board,International Journal of Constitutional Law, OxfordUniversity Press (New York Law School)2000-2004Member, Board of Trustees, International CrisisGroup2000Honorary Member, Golden Key National Honour Society2000Honorary Member, American Societyof International Law1999-2009Honorary Professor, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K1992Lifetime Member of l'Association des juristes d'expressionfrançaise de l'Ontario1987Vice President, Canadian Civil Liberties AssociationLouise Arbour,CC GOQ (born February 10,1947) was the UN High Commissioner forHuman Rights, a former justice of the Supreme Court of Canada and the Court of Appeal for Ontarisoum0 f, elle ssaole?ees18 Rivitab» «tab»io and a former Chief Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunals for theformer Yugoslavia and Rwanda. Since July 2009 she has served as President and CEO of the International Crisis Group.[1] She has made history with the indictmentof a sitting head of state, Yugoslavian president Slobodan Milosevic, as well asthe first prosecution ofsexual assaultas the articles of crimes against humanity.
Early life[edit]
Arbour was born in Montreal, Quebec to Bernard Arbour and Rose Ravary, the owners of a hotel chain. She attended convent school, during which time her parents divorced. As editor of the school magazine, she earneda reputation for irreverence.[citation needed]
In 1967, she graduated from Collège Regina Assumpta, and proceeded to the Université de Montréal where she completed an LL.B. with distinctionin 1970. She became the Law Clerk for Mr. Justice Louis-Philippe Pigeon of the Supreme Court ofCanada in oum0 f, elle ssaole?ees18 Rivitab» «tab»1971-1972 while completing graduate studies at the Faculty of Law (Civil Section) of the University of Ottawa. She was called to the Bar of Quebec in 1971 and to the Law Society of Upper Canada in 1977. She was made a Companion to the Order of Canada in 2007 "for her contributions to the Canadian justice system and for her dedication to the advancement of human rights throughout the world".[2] She was made a Grand Officer of the National Order of Quebecin 2009.[3] Shewas made a Commanderofthe National Order of the Legion of Honour in 2011.[4]
She has received many honorary Degrees, including Doctor of Civil Laws from the University of Western Ontario in June 2000,[5] Doctor of Humane Letters from Mount Saint Vincent University in May 2001,[6] and Doctor of Laws degrees from the University of British Columbia in November 2001,[7] the University of Waterloo in October 2006,[8] in June 2009 from the University of Alberta[9] and University of Guelph,[10] and from Simon Fraser University in October 2009.[11]
She has three grown-up children: Emilie, Patrick and Catherine Taman.
Legal career[edit]Canada[edit]
From 1972-73, Louise Arbour was research officer for the Law Reform Commission of Canada. She then taught at Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, first as a Lecturer (1974), then as Assistant Professor (1975), Associate Professor (1977-1987), oum0 f, elle ssaole?ees18 Rivitab» «tab»and finally as Associate Professor and Associate Dean (1987).[citation needed] She also was Vice-President of the Canadian Civil LibertiesAssociation until her appointment to the Supreme Court of Ontario (High Court of Justice) in 1987 and to the Court of Appeal for Ontario in 1990.
In 1995, Arbour was appointed as President of a Commission of Inquiry, under the Inquiries Act, for the purpose of investigating and reportingon events at the Prison for Women in Kingston, Ontario, following allegations by prisoners of abuse.
While on the Court of Appeal for Ontario, Arbour was one of the three judges who upheld the controversial acquittal in the R. v. Finta trail. Imre Finta was a commander of the Gendarmerie in Szeged, Hungary duringthe Second World War who immigratedto Canada after the war and becamea citizen in 1956. Evidence was discovered suggesting he may have participated in the deportation of Jews from Hungary during the war. In 1988, he was charged with unlawful confinement, robbery, kidnapping and manslaughter of 8,617 Jews under the war crimes provisions in the Criminal Code. This landmark trial which would set Canada's response to Nazi and other War criminals in Canada. Legal opinions from Human right organizations statedthat by choosing the narrow interpretation of Canadian law, the court hadset an impossibly high standard for prosecuting war criminals in Canada.[12] [13]
The Hague[edit]
In 1996, following Justice Goldstone recommendations, Arbour was appointed as his replacement as Chief Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in Arusha and the International Criminal Tribunalfor the former Yugoslavia in The Hague.
The appointment, steered through the United Nations (UN) Security Council approval process by Madeleine Albright who served as the U.S. ambassador to the UN, was controversial both due to her role inthe Finta ruling and her successful challenge of Canada's rape shield in 1987, a law meant to protect rape victims.
In her new capacity she indicted then Serbian President Slobodan Milo?evic for war crimes, the first time a serving head of State was called to account before an international court. Also indicted were Milan Milutinovic, President of the Republic ooum0 f, elle ssaole?ees18 Rivitab» «tab»f Serbia, Nikola ?ainovic, Deputy Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Dragoljub Ojdanic, Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and Vlajko Stojiljkovic, Minister of Internal Affairs o oum0 f, elle ssaole?ees18 Rivitab» «tab»f the Republic of Serbia.[14][15]
Supreme Court of Canada[edit]
In 1999, Prime Minister Jean Chrétien appointed Arbour to the Supreme Court of Canada.[16]
Works and awards[edit]
Throughout her career, Arbour has published in the area of criminal procedure and criminal law, in both French and English. At various times, she has served as an editor for the Criminal Reports, theCanadian Rights Reporter, and the Osgoode Hall Law Journal.[citation needed]
Arbour has been awarded honorary doctorates by twenty-seven universities. In 2005, Arbour was awarded the Thomas J. Dodd Prize in International Justice and Human Rights, along with Justice Richard Goldstone, in recognition of her work on theInternational Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda.[17]
She is also the subject of a 2005 fact-based Canadian-German made-for-television movie, entitled Hunt For Justice which follows her quest to indict Bosnian Serb war criminals. Arbour was played by Canadian actressWendy Crewson.
On January 24, 2008, Arbour welcomed [18] the entry into force of the 2004 version of the Charter, which states:
Article 2(3) All forms of racism, Zionism and foreign occupation and domination constitute an impediment to human dignity and a major barrier to the exercise of the fundamental rights of peoples; allsuch practicesmust be condemned and efforts mustbe deployed for their elimination.[19]
Following criticisms about this statement,[20][21] Arbour distanced herself from some aspects of the charter.[22] The charter is listed in thewebsite of her office, among texts adopted by international groups aimed at promoting and consolidating democracy. [23]
In September 2008, Arbour gave a lecture entitled "Integrating Security, Development and Human Rights" at the University of San Diego's Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice Distinguished Lecture Series.
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1947 - (79 ans)
